Aryan tribes have spread across northern India and are establishing cities and states there.

The kingdom of Magadha is growing in power.

Magadha, now under the Nanda dynasty, has expanded dramatically, and western India has been conquered by the army of Alexander the Great.

Chandragupta Maurya seized the throne of Magadha from the last Nanda king, and conquered the whole of northern India.

The huge Maurya Empire has reached its greatest extent under Asoka, one of the most remarkable rulers in world history.

The Mauryan dynasty has vanished completely, and India is divided into numerous kingdoms, large and small.

The Kushana have now conquered a huge empire which stretches from central Asia into northern India.

The Kushana Empire has now disintegrated.

The Gupta dynasty has conquered northern India.

The White Huns are launching attacks on the Gupta empire.